7.11.2011

The Tughlaq Dynasty


Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (1320-1325 AD)

- Khusrau Khan, the last king of the Khilji dynasty was killed by Ghazni Malik, and Ghazni Malik ascended the throne assuming the title Ghiyasuddun Tughlaq.
- Reintroduced the food laws of Ala-ud-Din
- Supressed the rebellions in the distant provinces with strong hand and resorted the peace and order
- Organised better postal system
- Encouraged agriculture
- He died in an accident and his sone Jauna (Ulugh Khan) succeeded him under the title Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq.


Mohammad-bin Tughlaq (1325-1351 AD)
- Prince Jauna, Son of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq ascended the throne in 1325.
- Transfer of the capital from Daultabad, earlier known as Devagiri.
- Introduction of token copper currency to replace gold and silver coins.
- Unsuccessful expedition to subjugate Quarajal-the region identified as the modern Kulu in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh.
- Futile plan to conquer Khurasan and Iraq.
- Creation of Diwan-i-Kohi
- Independence of dinar(a gold coin) and adl(a silver coin).
- Establishment of city of Jahanpanah.
- Arrival of an envoy from the Chinese ruler, Toghan Timur (1341)
- He died in Thatta while campaigning in Sindh against Taghi, a Turkish slave.

Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351-1388 AD)
- He was a cousin of Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq. After his death the nobles and the theologians of the court selected Firoz Shah as the next Sultan.
- Establishment of Diwan-i-Khairat(department for poor and needy people) and Diwan-i-Bundagan(department of slaves).
- Making Iqtadari system hereditary.
- Construction of canals for irrigation from Yamuna to the city of Hissar, Sutlej to the Ghaggar, Ghaggar to Firuzabad and Mandvi and Sirmour Hills to Hansi in Haryana.
- Establishment of four new towns, Firuzabad, Fatebabad, Jaunpur and Hissar.
- Imposition of Jaziya on the Brahmans for the first time
- Establishment in Delhi a hospital described variously as Darul-Shifa, Bimaristan or Shifa Khana


After Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1388-1414 AD)
- The Tughlaq dynasty would not survive much after Firoz Shah's death. The Malwa, Gujarat and Sharqi (Jaunpur) Kingdoms broke away from the Sultanate.
- Timur Invasion (1398-99) : Timur, a Turk, invaded India in 1398 during the reign of Muhammad Shah Tughlaq , the last ruler of Tughlaq dynasty. His army mercilessely sacked and plundered Dellhi. Timur returned to Central Asia, leaving a nominee to rule to Punjab which ended the Tughlaq dynasty.


After a long walk in Daulatabad, which once was the Tughlaq town of prosperity in the past, Each ruler added architectural creativity to his own capital city whilst making architecture during the Tughlaq dynasty to stand apart. I found out about the architecture that start to turn out into pure Islamic architecture in Firoz Shah Tughlaq's period, while in Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq's period were building up arch which follow the roman style. In Tughlaqabad city, they devide into two parts consists of palace and resident area. the palace were building up with golden brick while the walls were made up of sun-dried bricks. However, Tughlaq dynasty leaves behind the great saga of the glorious Islamic architecture in India.



Daulatabad

Gyas-ud-din Tughlaq tomb

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